🚆 Train to UPSC – Day 1: Agra – History, Governance & Urban Challenges
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"Where stones narrate history, and streets illustrate governance—Agra is that confluence."
🔰 Brief Introduction
- Location: Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Highlights: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri
- River: Yamuna
- Strategic Corridor: Delhi–Gwalior Route
- Administrative Role: Headquarters of Agra Division
🏛️ Historical Layers (GS Paper 1)
- Original Name: Agravan (Forest of Agra)
- Mughal Capital: Akbar's administration centered here (16th century)
- Key Constructions: Taj Mahal (Shah Jahan), Agra Fort (Akbar), Itimad-ud-Daulah, Sikandra
- 1761: Maharaja Surajmal of Bharatpur captured Agra Fort
- 1857: Agra participated in the First War of Independence
🧭 Governance & Administration (GS Paper 2)
- Municipal Body: Agra Nagar Nigam – among oldest in North India
- District Magistrate Office: Manages law, order, and welfare schemes
- Smart City Mission: Heritage corridors, riverfront, road widening
- Healthcare: Revamping sub-centers, based on Delhi’s Mohalla Clinic Model
🌆 Urban Issues (GS Paper 3)
| Issue | Cause | Suggested Reform |
|---|---|---|
| Water Scarcity | Polluted Yamuna, Overuse | Rainwater harvesting, recycling |
| Air Pollution | Vehicular load, construction dust | EV push, Green belts |
| Traffic Congestion | Tourist influx + Local density | Public transport, multilevel parking |
🎨 Crafts, Industry & Culture
- Leather Industry: One of India’s top 3 export hubs
- Petha: Iconic white pumpkin-based sweet (GI Tag)
- Marble Inlay Work: Mughal-era craft using precious stones
- UNESCO Sites: Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri
🏫 Education & Research Institutes
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University (Agra University)
- Dayalbagh Educational Institute
- Ideal for studies in history, public administration, urban planning
📝 Key UPSC Facts (Quick Revision)
- Taj Mahal – UNESCO World Heritage since 1983
- 1761 – Fort captured by Maharaja Surajmal
- Among India's first 20 Smart Cities
- Mughal Capital – Babur to Shah Jahan
📘 Potential UPSC Questions
- Discuss Agra’s historical relevance in Mughal administration.
- Evaluate Agra’s urban governance under Smart City Mission.
- Assess the role of tourism in Agra’s economy and environmental burden.
🎯 Mini Quiz
- When was Taj Mahal declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site? – 1983 ✅
- Who built Agra Fort? – Akbar ✅
- Petha is made from? – Ash gourd (White Pumpkin) ✅
📲 Explore More
Previous Destination: DAY 0 – Delhi
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