Learn Hindi Alphabets: Swars, Vyanjans & Conjunct Letters
Welcome, dear learners! I'm your Hindi teacher, and today, we're diving into one of the most phonetic and artistic scripts in the world – the Devanagari script used in the Hindi language.
In Hindi, the alphabets are not just symbols, they are sound patterns. And once you master them, you'll be able to read, write, and speak with confidence. This guide will give you a beautiful introduction to the three core elements of the Hindi Alphabet:
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- Swars (Vowels): 13 core vowel sounds
- Vyanjans (Consonants): 33 basic consonants
- Conjunct Letters: Powerful combinations like क्ष (kṣa), त्र (tra), ज्ञ (gya), श्र (shra)
Why Learning Hindi Alphabets Is Worth It
Hindi is one of the most spoken languages in the world and is phonetic — what you see is what you say. Unlike English, there's minimal confusion between spelling and pronunciation. The Devanagari script is logical and artistic, and learning it builds a strong foundation for understanding Indian culture, scriptures, Bollywood, yoga, and beyond.
Structure of the Hindi Alphabet
Hindi alphabets are categorized as:
- 13 Swars (अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ...) – These are the core vowel sounds that give shape and soul to every word.
- 33 Vyanjans (क, ख, ग, घ, च, छ...) – These are consonants that need Swars to be pronounced fully.
- Conjunct Letters – Advanced combinations used in words like क्षमा (forgiveness), ज्ञान (knowledge), श्रद्धा (faith).
Together, these form 50+ beautiful characters — and every Hindi word is crafted using these.
Lesson Objectives
- Recognize each Hindi letter visually
- Learn correct pronunciation using English transliteration
- Understand how to write each letter with basic stroke order
- Avoid common beginner mistakes
- Explore Hindi culture through letters
Access the Full Chart + Examples
We’ve already published a powerful companion article that includes all the letters, pronunciations, and examples for each letter in Hindi + English.
Explore Complete Hindi Alphabet Chart with Examples
Fun Teacher Tip:
Think of Hindi letters as LEGO blocks. Swars are the base connectors, Vyanjans are strong bricks, and conjuncts are the cool custom builds you can’t wait to try!
Want to Practice Writing?
In our next lesson, we will provide step-by-step writing practice sheets (printable + online) to help you learn:
- Correct stroke order of each letter
- Devanagari line alignment
- Spacing and flow of letters
What's Coming Next?
- Writing Hindi Alphabets – Stroke Order & Practice
- Downloadable PDF Worksheets for Kids & Adults
- Mini Quizzes for Reinforcement
- Voice Lessons with Native Pronunciation
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This guide is brought to you by a native Indian teacher at Sarkari Service Prep™ — an initiative to make Indian knowledge global.
Structure of the Hindi Alphabet – Chart
| Type | Name | Total | Examples | English Sound |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vowels | Swars | 13 | अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः | a, aa, i, ee, u, oo, ri, e, ai, o, au, an, ah |
| Consonants | Vyanjans | 33 | क, ख, ग, घ, च, छ, ज, झ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, etc. | ka, kha, ga, gha, cha, chha, ja, jha... etc. |
| Conjunct Letters | Combined Characters | 4+ Common | क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, श्र | kṣa, tra, gya, shra |
| Total Letters | — | 50+ | All letters used to build every Hindi word | |
Hindi Alphabet to Word Chart (With English Translation)
| Hindi Letter | Hindi Word | Meaning (English) | Transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ | अग्नि | Fire | Agni |
| आ | आम | Mango | Aam |
| इ | इमली | Tamarind | Imli |
| ई | ईंट | Brick | Eent |
| उ | उल्लू | Owl | Ullu |
| ऊ | ऊन | Wool | Oon |
| ऋ | ऋषि | Sage | Rishi |
| ए | एक | One | Ek |
| ऐ | ऐनक | Glasses | Ainak |
| ओ | ओखली | Mortar | Okhli |
| औ | औरत | Woman | Aurat |
| अं | अंगूर | Grapes | Angoor |
| अः | दुःख | Sorrow | Dukh |
| क | कमल | Lotus | Kamal |
| ख | खरगोश | Rabbit | Kharagosh |
| ग | गमला | Pot | Gamla |
| घ | घोड़ा | Horse | Ghoda |
| च | चमक | Shine | Chamak |
| छ | छतरी | Umbrella | Chhatri |
| ज | जंगल | Forest | Jangal |
| झ | झूला | Swing | Jhoola |
| ट | टोपी | Cap | Topi |
| ठ | ठंडी | Cold | Thandi |
| ड | डमरू | Drum | Damru |
| ढ | ढोल | Big Drum | Dhol |
| त | तलवार | Sword | Talwar |
| थ | थाली | Plate | Thali |
| द | दरवाज़ा | Door | Darwaza |
| ध | धूप | Sunlight | Dhoop |
| न | नदी | River | Nadi |
| प | पंखा | Fan | Pankha |
| फ | फल | Fruit | Phal |
| ब | बतख | Duck | Batakh |
| भ | भालू | Bear | Bhaloo |
| म | मकान | House | Makan |
| य | यज्ञ | Vedic Ritual | Yagya |
| र | रथ | Chariot | Rath |
| ल | लड्डू | Sweet Ball | Laddu |
| व | वृक्ष | Tree | Vriksh |
| श | शेर | Lion | Sher |
| ष | षड्यंत्र | Conspiracy | Shadyantra |
| स | सूरज | Sun | Sooraj |
| ह | हाथी | Elephant | Haathi |
Mini Quiz – Test Your Hindi Alphabet Knowledge!
-
Which of the following is a Swar (Vowel)?
A. क (Ka) B. घ (Gha) C. अ (A) D. म (Ma)
Answer: C. अ (A) -
What is the meaning of "फल"?
A. Fan B. Fruit C. Fire D. Flower
Answer: B. Fruit -
Which is a conjunct (joint) letter in Hindi?
A. त (Ta) B. क्ष (Kṣa) C. च (Cha) D. ब (Ba)
Answer: B. क्ष (Kṣa) -
What is the English meaning of "नदी"?
A. Night B. Needle C. Nail D. River
Answer: D. River -
How many basic Vyanjans (consonants) are there in Hindi?
A. 13 B. 33 C. 26 D. 44
Answer: B. 33
How many did you get right? Share your score in the comments and challenge a friend to try this quiz too!
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Final Words from Your Teacher
Learning a new language like Hindi is not just about memorizing letters — it's about opening your mind to a new way of seeing the world. Every vowel you pronounce, every consonant you write, and every word you speak brings you closer to India’s rich culture, art, and expression.
Take your time, practice daily, and never be afraid to make mistakes — they are stepping stones to mastery. Whether you're a beginner or a passionate learner, remember:
“Language is not just learned — it’s lived.”
Keep learning, keep writing, and always stay curious. I’m proud of you for taking this journey!
With best wishes,
Your Hindi Teacher – Sarkari Service Prep™
कोई टिप्पणी नहीं:
एक टिप्पणी भेजें
कृपया टिप्पणी करते समय मर्यादित भाषा का प्रयोग करें। किसी भी प्रकार का स्पैम, अपशब्द या प्रमोशनल लिंक हटाया जा सकता है। आपका सुझाव हमारे लिए महत्वपूर्ण है!